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250 words
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30 June 2026

India's nuclear warhead deployment

The topic concerns India's nuclear doctrine, credible minimum deterrence, and the nuclear triad, which are core components of India's national security policy and strategic relations with neighbors.

1 min read 2 questions 2 prelims

Notes

  • SIPRI 2026 Yearbook classifies 12 of India's estimated 190 nuclear warheads as 'operationally deployed'.
  • Operational deployment implies warheads are mated with delivery systems (missiles, aircraft, submarines) and ready for use if authorized.
  • India maintains a 'No First Use' (NFU) policy, which is a core pillar of its credible minimum deterrence posture.
  • NFU requires a robust second-strike capability to ensure retaliation after absorbing a first strike.
  • India's nuclear triad includes land-based missiles, air-delivered weapons, and sea-based assets (SSBNs).
  • Canisterisation of Agni-series missiles allows for faster launch readiness by keeping fuel in sealed cylinders.
  • The operationalisation of three Arihant-class SSBNs provides a secure, stealthy sea-based second-strike capability.
  • Global context: SIPRI reports 12,187 nuclear warheads globally; China's arsenal has grown to approximately 620.
  • India's nuclear modernisation focuses on long-range delivery systems to address strategic challenges from both China and Pakistan.

Questions

  1. Explain the significance of 'second-strike capability' in the context of India's 'No First Use' nuclear doctrine. How does the maturation of the nuclear triad, particularly sea-based assets, strengthen this posture? 150 words
    Attempt this — 150 words in 8 min
    0 / 150 words 8:00
  2. The global nuclear order is facing mounting strain due to the erosion of arms-control agreements and the intensification of strategic competition. In light of this, discuss the rationale behind India's evolving nuclear deterrent posture and its implications for regional stability in South Asia. 250 words
    Attempt this — 250 words in 11 min
    0 / 250 words 11:00

Prelims

  1. What does the term 'de-mated' state refer to in the context of India's nuclear arsenal?

  2. Which of the following best describes the strategic advantage of canisterised missiles in India's nuclear arsenal?