4 July 2026

SC refuses to stay bail in murder case

The topic highlights the judicial principle of 'bail is the rule, jail is the exception' and the presumption of innocence, which serves as useful context for questions on the functioning of the judiciary and criminal justice reforms.

Questions

1. Discuss the significance of the 'presumption of innocence' as a foundational principle in the Indian criminal justice system, particularly in the context of bail jurisprudence. 150 words
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2. Examine the balance between individual liberty and the interests of the state in criminal proceedings. How does the judiciary navigate the tension between the gravity of an offence and the constitutional right to bail? 250 words
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Prelims

1. Which of the following best describes the 'presumption of innocence' in the context of Indian criminal jurisprudence?

   1. A It is automatically revoked once a formal charge sheet is filed by the police.
   2. B It is a statutory right granted only to first-time offenders.
   3. C It is a discretionary power exercised solely by the executive branch.
   4. D It is a fundamental principle that requires the state to prove guilt beyond reasonable doubt.