Which of the following is the primary purpose of the Post Enumeration Survey (PES) conducted after the Census in India?

To estimate coverage error and reasons for measurement errors in the Census

To update the National Register of Citizens (NRC) in real-time

To identify the exact number of illegal migrants in border states

To verify the religious composition of border districts

Based on Census data trends between 1991 and 2011, what has been the observed trend regarding the Bangladesh-born population residing in India?

A decline in the overall migrant stock, with the population being largely elderly

A consistent increase across all Indian states

A significant surge in the younger age-group population

No change in the total number of Bangladesh-born residents

Daily

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14 July 2026

Border States conference on illegal migration and security

The topic covers a specific, high-level security conference addressing critical border management challenges, technological threats, and demographic data analysis, which are directly relevant to GS3 security and GS2 international relations questions.

Notes

The first Land Border Districts’ Superintendents of Police Conference 2026 was held to address security challenges in 119 border districts.
Key security concerns identified: illegal migration, presence of migrants on electoral rolls, and misuse of open borders (e.g., Nepal border for transit to Punjab).
Technological challenges: use of encrypted apps (WhatsApp, Skred, Zangi) for smuggling arms and narcotics, and increased use of drones for cross-border drops.
Proposed solutions: establishment of more drone laboratories for forensic analysis and the development of a quadrangular security grid by 2027.
Demographic concerns: reports of shifting habitation patterns in border districts like Murshidabad (West Bengal) and Rajasthan.
Census data analysis: The Post Enumeration Survey (PES) indicates that population omission in border areas is small and stable, contradicting claims of massive undocumented migration.
Census data shows the Bangladesh-born population in India has declined from 4.0 million (1991) to 2.7 million (2011), with the majority being an ageing population from the 1947 and 1971 periods.
Methodological limitations: The Census records birthplace but cannot distinguish between legal visa-holders, citizens, and undocumented migrants.

Part of a longer story

This is day 7 of 19 in Assam Foreigners' Tribunal and Deportation Processes, which has been running since 3 July 2026. Reading it whole is usually worth more than reading today alone — the exam asks how something developed.

Questions

Discuss the challenges in managing porous land borders in India and the role of technology in mitigating transborder crimes such as narcotics and arms smuggling. 150 words

Attempt this — 150 words in 8 min

0 / 150 words 8:00
Critically examine the efficacy of the Census as a tool for identifying undocumented migration in India. What are the inherent limitations of using birthplace data to determine the scale of illegal migration? 250 words

Attempt this — 250 words in 11 min

0 / 250 words 11:00

Prelims

Which of the following is the primary purpose of the Post Enumeration Survey (PES) conducted after the Census in India?

Based on Census data trends between 1991 and 2011, what has been the observed trend regarding the Bangladesh-born population residing in India?

Syllabus

Topics

Sources

250words.in · https://250words.in/daily/2026-07-14/border-states-conference-on-illegal-migration-and-security