Which of the following best describes the primary objective of the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA)?

To establish a framework for the inspection and regulation of Iran's nuclear program

To formalize a military alliance between Iran and the P5+1 nations

To mandate the immediate disarmament of all nuclear-armed states

To facilitate the expansion of nuclear energy in the Middle East

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16 July 2026

Non-proliferation and Iran's nuclear future

The NPT and JCPOA are foundational international treaties and frameworks that directly impact global nuclear non-proliferation norms and India's strategic interests in West Asia.

Notes

The Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (NPT) creates a hierarchy between nuclear 'haves' and 'have-nots'.
The NPT mandates restraint for non-nuclear states while allowing nuclear-armed states to modernize their arsenals.
Iran pursued uranium enrichment within a legal framework and complied with the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA) inspection regime.
The JCPOA was undermined by the unilateral withdrawal of the United States in 2018, leading to the reimposition of sanctions.
The global nuclear order is historically anchored in the 1945 use of nuclear weapons on Hiroshima and Nagasaki.
Nine states currently possess nuclear weapons; some exist outside the NPT framework.
The Einstein-Russell Manifesto (1955) advocated for the total abolition of nuclear weapons to prevent global catastrophe.
Current diplomatic impasses involve disputes over frozen assets, verification mechanisms, and Iran's sovereign right to enrichment.

Questions

The global non-proliferation regime is often criticized for institutionalizing a hierarchy rather than promoting universal disarmament. Critically examine the challenges this creates for international security and the legitimacy of the NPT. 150 words

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The collapse of multilateral agreements like the JCPOA highlights the fragility of international arms control mechanisms. Discuss the implications of selective enforcement of non-proliferation norms on global trust and the future of nuclear diplomacy. 250 words

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Prelims

Which of the following best describes the primary objective of the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA)?

Syllabus

Topics

Sources

The crisis at the heart of non-proliferation

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