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27 July 2026

Geopolitical analysis of India-China-US relations

The topic covers critical aspects of India-China bilateral relations, including border security, economic dependency, and technological competition, which are core themes frequently examined in GS2 and GS3.

2 min read Day 1 of 2 2 questions 2 prelims

Notes

  • India-China relations are marked by a significant trade deficit, with China's annual surplus over India exceeding $100 billion.
  • China has engaged in a series of border-related actions including incidents at Depsang (2013), Chumar (2014), Doklam (2017), and Galwan Valley (2020).
  • China's strategy involves 'salami-slicing' tactics to alter the Line of Actual Control (LAC) and using economic coercion, including control over rare earths and industrial machinery, as a political tool.
  • China has provided military support to Pakistan, including intelligence and tactical satellite data, impacting India's security architecture.
  • China's AI sector is advancing through open-source and open-weight models like Kimi K3 (2.8 trillion parameters), overcoming GPU restrictions through abundant electricity and large-scale chip usage.
  • Chinese firms are actively participating in the global AI ecosystem by releasing models on platforms like HuggingFace, though some firms are shifting toward captive, non-open-source models.
  • India maintains a cautious approach to Chinese technology in AI, balancing the utility of open-source models with concerns over data security and geopolitical risks.
  • Strategic experts argue for India to focus on supply chain resilience, diversification of trade partners, and building domestic manufacturing capabilities to reduce asymmetric dependency.

Part of a longer story

This is day 1 of 2 in India-China-US Strategic Triangulation, which has been running since 27 July 2026. Reading it whole is usually worth more than reading today alone — the exam asks how something developed.

Questions

  1. Analyze the strategic implications of asymmetric economic dependency on a neighboring power for India's national security and foreign policy autonomy. 150 words
    Attempt this — 150 words in 8 min
    0 / 150 words 8:00
  2. The rapid advancement of artificial intelligence has introduced new dimensions to global geopolitical competition. Discuss the challenges and opportunities for India in navigating the rise of open-source AI models developed by competing nations while ensuring national data sovereignty. 250 words
    Attempt this — 250 words in 11 min
    0 / 250 words 11:00

Prelims

  1. Which of the following best describes the 'salami-slicing' tactic often attributed to China in the context of the Line of Actual Control (LAC)?

  2. What is a primary advantage of 'open-source' AI models as discussed in the context of global technological competition?