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28 July 2026

PMK Shadow Economic Survey

The report provides specific data and policy recommendations regarding state fiscal health, revenue mobilization, and fiscal federalism, which are core topics for GS2 and GS3.

1 min read Day 5 of 13 2 questions 1 prelims

Notes

  • Shadow Economic Survey highlights a 13% shortfall in State’s Own Tax Revenue (SOTR) against projections.
  • Major SOTR components including GST, stamp duty, registration charges, and motor vehicle tax failed to meet targets.
  • State economy grew by 10.83% in 2024-25, yet this growth did not translate into proportional revenue increases.
  • Non-tax revenue for 2025-26 was 17.31% below budget estimates and lower than the previous year.
  • Revenue expenditure has risen sharply while capital expenditure remained stagnant, limiting public infrastructure creation.
  • Revenue deficit is projected to widen due to welfare schemes, including farm loan waivers and electricity subsidies.
  • Total state debt is projected to reach ₹16.70 lakh crore by the end of the current year.
  • Interest payment burden for 2026-27 is estimated at ₹80,000 crore for the state and ₹48,875 crore for PSUs.
  • Policy suggestions include increasing SOTR to 7% of GSDP over five years and raising annual economic growth to 12%-13%.
  • Recommendations for fiscal federalism include increasing the Centre’s shareable tax pool to 50% and merging cesses/surcharges into the divisible pool.

Part of a longer story

This is day 5 of 13 in Tamil Nadu public finance and SPSU fiscal health, which has been running since 23 June 2026. Reading it whole is usually worth more than reading today alone — the exam asks how something developed.

Questions

  1. Discuss the challenges of fiscal consolidation for states in India, particularly in the context of rising revenue expenditure and stagnant capital formation. 150 words
    Attempt this — 150 words in 8 min
    0 / 150 words 8:00
  2. Examine the structural issues in India's fiscal federalism. How do the current mechanisms of tax devolution, cesses, and surcharges impact the fiscal autonomy and developmental capacity of states? 250 words
    Attempt this — 250 words in 11 min
    0 / 250 words 11:00

Prelims

  1. Which of the following components is typically included in a State's Own Tax Revenue (SOTR)?