Which of the following best describes the primary objective of the ILO Convention No. 193?

To provide a binding international framework for the rights and protection of platform workers.

To establish a global minimum wage for all industrial sectors.

To mandate a universal basic income for all gig workers globally.

To prohibit the use of algorithmic management in the private sector.

Under the Code on Social Security, 2020, how is the social security fund for gig and platform workers primarily financed?

Through contributions from aggregators based on a percentage of their annual turnover.

Through a direct tax on the income of the gig workers.

Through mandatory contributions from the central government budget.

Through a voluntary insurance scheme managed by state governments.

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30 July 2026

International Labour Conference Convention No. 193

The adoption of a specific ILO convention regarding the platform economy is a significant international development that directly impacts India's labor policy, gig worker regulations, and its stance on international labor standards.

Notes

International Labour Conference (ILC) adopted Convention No. 193, 'Decent Work in the Platform Economy', on June 12.
Convention No. 193 is a binding international treaty targeting protections for gig workers (riders, drivers, pickers, data-labellers).
India abstained from the vote, while its employer and worker delegates voted in favour.
Key provisions of Convention No. 193: Floor of rights regardless of worker classification, statutory minimum pay, on-time payment, occupational safety, social security, and regulation of algorithmic management.
Article 9 mandates that governments classify workers based on the facts of work performance rather than contractual labels.
India's gig workforce: 7.7 million in 2020-21, projected to reach 23.5 million by 2029-30 (6.7% of non-agricultural workforce).
NITI Aayog data: 73% of gig workers earn between ₹10,000 and ₹40,000 monthly; only 15% have social security.
India's domestic framework: Code on Social Security, 2020, defines 'gig' and 'platform' workers but remains largely un-operationalised.
State-level initiatives: Rajasthan Platform-Based Gig Workers Act (2023), and welfare boards in Karnataka and Telangana.
India's ILO track record: Founding member, ratified 6 of 8 core conventions; has not ratified Conventions 87 (Freedom of Association), 98 (Right to Organise), or 190 (Violence and Harassment).

Questions

Discuss the challenges in extending social security and labour rights to the growing gig workforce in India. How do current legislative frameworks at the central and state levels address these concerns? 150 words

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The rise of the platform economy necessitates a re-evaluation of the traditional employer-employee relationship. In the context of the International Labour Organization’s recent initiatives, analyze the need for a robust regulatory framework for algorithmic management and worker classification in India. 250 words

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Prelims

Which of the following best describes the primary objective of the ILO Convention No. 193?

Under the Code on Social Security, 2020, how is the social security fund for gig and platform workers primarily financed?

Syllabus

Topics

Sources

India’s refusal to uphold a global gig work law

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