10 August 2026

Telangana-Karnataka river water dispute

The topic involves the application of the Inter-State River Water Disputes Act, 1956, and the role of Zonal Councils, which are core components of Indian federalism and inter-state dispute resolution mechanisms frequently tested in GS2.

Questions

1. Examine the role of Zonal Councils as constitutional and statutory bodies in fostering cooperative federalism and resolving inter-State disputes in India. 150 words
   Attempt this — 150 words in 8 min

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2. The Inter-State River Water Disputes Act, 1956, provides a framework for adjudication, yet persistent conflicts remain. Discuss the challenges in implementing tribunal awards and the necessity of institutional reforms to ensure sustainable water management in federal India. 250 words
   Attempt this — 250 words in 11 min

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Prelims

1. Under which section of the Inter-State River Water Disputes Act, 1956, can a State Government complain to the Union Government regarding a river water dispute?

   1. A Section 2
   2. B Section 10
   3. C Section 3
   4. D Section 5

2. Zonal Councils in India are established under which of the following?

   1. A The Seventh Schedule of the Constitution
   2. B The Inter-State Council Act, 1990
   3. C Article 263 of the Constitution
   4. D The States Reorganisation Act, 1956