2 September 2026

Gig workers' social security coverage

The topic concerns a major national policy intervention regarding social security for gig workers, involving specific government portals and legislative frameworks that are highly relevant to UPSC Mains questions on inclusive growth and welfare schemes.

Questions

1. Discuss the challenges in accurately mapping the gig workforce in India and the implications of this data gap for the effective implementation of social security schemes. 150 words
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2. The Code on Social Security, 2020, marks a significant step in formalising the gig economy. Critically examine the role of the e-Shram portal in bridging the gap between policy intent and ground-level social security coverage for gig workers. 250 words
   Attempt this — 250 words in 11 min

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Prelims

1. Which of the following documents provides the official definition of a 'gig worker' in India?

   1. A The Periodic Labour Force Survey (PLFS) 2025
   2. B The e-Shram Portal Guidelines
   3. C The Code on Social Security, 2020
   4. D The NITI Aayog Report on India’s Booming Gig and Platform Economy (2022)

2. What is the primary purpose of the e-Shram portal as described in the context of the unorganised workforce?

   1. A To provide direct cash transfers to all unemployed citizens
   2. B To serve as a national database for unorganised workers including gig workers
   3. C To monitor the daily attendance of workers in the manufacturing sector
   4. D To regulate the minimum wages of workers in the private sector