5 September 2026

Editorial: Women's health and menopause

The topic highlights specific state-level policy interventions for women's health, which directly relates to governance in the social sector and the evolving discourse on women's health beyond reproductive age.

Questions

1. The focus of public health policy in India has traditionally been skewed towards reproductive health. In this context, discuss the significance of integrating perimenopausal and menopausal care into the primary healthcare framework. 150 words
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2. Addressing the health needs of women beyond their reproductive years is essential for achieving universal health coverage. Analyze the challenges in providing comprehensive care for women in mid-life and suggest measures to institutionalize such support within the public health system. 250 words
   Attempt this — 250 words in 11 min

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Prelims

1. Which of the following best describes the clinical definition of menopause?

   1. A The transition phase characterized by hot flashes and mood swings.
   2. B The onset of irregular menstrual cycles due to hormonal changes.
   3. C The immediate cessation of all hormonal production in the body.
   4. D The period of 12 consecutive months without a menstrual cycle.

2. What are the primary hormonal changes associated with the onset of perimenopause?

   1. A Lower levels of oestrogen and progesterone.
   2. B An increase in thyroid-stimulating hormones.
   3. C Increased production of testosterone and insulin.
   4. D A sudden spike in progesterone levels.