Biofuels

Why it matters

• Enhances national energy security by reducing dependence on imported crude oil.
• Promotes circular economy principles by utilizing agricultural waste and by-products.
• Contributes to climate change mitigation through the reduction of net greenhouse gas emissions compared to petroleum products.
• Supports rural income diversification by creating market demand for non-food crops and biomass.

How it is asked

Focus on the classification of biofuels (generations 1G through 4G), the policy framework governing blending targets, and the challenges related to land-use competition between food and fuel crops.