India-Nepal Relations

India-Nepal relations are defined by a unique framework of open borders, deep-rooted socio-cultural ties, and a shared civilizational heritage, governed by the Treaty of Peace and Friendship which establishes a framework for mutual security and economic cooperation.

Why it matters

Strategic buffer role in the Himalayan region for India's national security interests.
Economic interdependence through transit facilities, hydropower development, and cross-border infrastructure projects.
Deep-seated people-to-people connectivity facilitated by the open border policy and shared religious traditions.
Critical role in regional stability and connectivity initiatives within the South Asian framework.

How it is asked

Focus on the geopolitical implications of the open border, the management of transboundary river water disputes, the impact of third-party influence on bilateral strategic autonomy, and the progress of connectivity projects under the Neighborhood First policy.

In the syllabus

In the news

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