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Indian Judiciary

The Indian Judiciary is an integrated, hierarchical system of courts comprising the Supreme Court at the apex, High Courts at the state level, and subordinate courts at the district and local levels, functioning as the interpreter and guardian of the Constitution.

Why it matters

  • Acts as the final arbiter of legal disputes and the protector of fundamental rights through the power of judicial review.
  • Ensures the separation of powers by maintaining checks and balances over the executive and legislative branches.
  • Upholds the rule of law by ensuring that all administrative actions and legislative enactments conform to constitutional provisions.

How it is asked

Focus on the doctrine of judicial review, the independence of the judiciary, the collegium system for appointments, and the role of public interest litigation in expanding access to justice.

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