A constitutional mechanism in India designed to provide equitable representation and social justice to historically marginalized communities, including Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes, and Other Backward Classes, through quotas in government employment, educational institutions, and legislative bodies.
Focus on the constitutional provisions under Articles 15 and 16, the evolution of the 'creamy layer' concept, the interpretation of the 'basic structure' doctrine regarding reservation limits, and the distinction between vertical and horizontal reservations.
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