G20 Presidency of India

India's leadership of the G20 forum from December 2022 to November 2023 served as a platform to reorient international economic diplomacy toward the developmental concerns of the Global South.

Under Current Affairs

• It successfully integrated the African Union as a permanent member, structurally enhancing the representation of developing nations in global economic governance.
• It positioned India's Digital Public Infrastructure model as a benchmark for global financial inclusion and public service delivery.
• It demonstrated India's diplomatic capability to build consensus among polarized major powers on critical issues like climate finance and multilateral development bank reforms.

UPSC evaluates this topic within International Relations and Economic Development to test a candidate's understanding of India's evolving role in global multilateral diplomacy. Questions focus on the practical outcomes of the presidency, such as progress on climate finance, reform of international financial institutions, and the mainstreaming of Global South priorities. Candidates are expected to analyze how India balanced strategic autonomy with consensus-building amid rising global geopolitical fragmentation.

• Bilateral, regional, global groupings and agreements: impact on India GS2
• International institutions, agencies, fora: structure, mandate GS2