Global Innovation Index

The Global Innovation Index is an annual report co-published by the World Intellectual Property Organization that evaluates national innovation capabilities, institutional frameworks, and technological outputs across global economies.

• It provides a standardized diagnostic framework to assess India's progress toward a knowledge-driven economy across human capital, infrastructure, and research dimensions.
• The index highlights systemic gaps in the domestic ecosystem, particularly low private-sector expenditure on research and development and weak industry-academia linkages.
• It serves as a key benchmark for evaluating the effectiveness of state interventions such as the National Intellectual Property Rights Policy and national startup initiatives.

In General Studies Paper 3, UPSC frames questions on this topic around the asymmetry between India's high innovation output and its lower input capabilities. Candidates are expected to analyze structural impediments in the domestic R&D framework, such as public funding delays and intellectual property bottlenecks. Questions often require suggesting policy reforms to bridge these gaps and align national technological growth with sustainable economic development.

• Achievements in science & technology: indigenization, new technology GS3
• Fields of IT, Space, Computers, robotics, nano-technology GS3

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