Monkeypox

Monkeypox is a viral zoonotic infection caused by the monkeypox virus that presents with fever, rash, and swollen lymph nodes, representing a re-emerging global public health threat.

• It highlights the imperative for India to strengthen its One Health framework to mitigate zoonotic spillover risks at the human-animal interface.
• It tests the resilience of national health governance systems, disease surveillance networks, and indigenous diagnostic capabilities.
• It underscores the significance of international health regulations and coordinated global responses during Public Health Emergencies of International Concern.

In GS Paper III, UPSC frames questions on emerging infectious diseases by evaluating India's public health preparedness and institutional capacity to contain epidemics. Candidates are expected to analyze governance responses, including surveillance mechanisms, vaccine distribution equity, and the integration of animal and human health policies under the One Health approach.

• Social Sector/Services: health, education, human resources GS2

• COVID-19
• Dengue
• Malaria
• Nipah Virus
• Zika Virus