Technology Transfer

Technology transfer is the process of transmitting specialized knowledge, intellectual property, manufacturing techniques, and prototype innovations from research entities or foreign sources to domestic industries for commercial production and widespread application.

Under Indian Economy

• It enables the commercialization of public-funded research generated by domestic institutions like CSIR, DRDO, and ISRO through industry partnerships.
• It accelerates industrial indigenization and import substitution in high-technology sectors such as defense manufacturing, pharmaceuticals, and renewable energy.
• It constitutes a central pillar of international climate negotiations and trade agreements, addressing how clean technologies are shared with developing nations.

UPSC evaluates this concept under General Studies Paper III within the domains of indigenization of technology, intellectual property regimes, and economic growth. Questions typically require candidates to analyze structural bottlenecks in university-industry linkages, the impact of foreign direct investment policies on technology absorption, or global transfer mechanisms under multilateral frameworks.

• Achievements in science & technology: indigenization, new technology GS3
• Science and Technology GS3