Secondary infertility in Indian couples

Notes

• Secondary infertility is defined as the difficulty in conceiving or carrying a pregnancy after having already had at least one child.
• Data from the National Family Health Survey (NFHS) indicates that secondary infertility in India rose from approximately 19.5% in the early 1990s to 28.6% by 2015-2016.
• Delayed childbearing is a primary factor, with many couples now having their first child in their early 30s, leading to advanced maternal age for subsequent pregnancies.
• Biological factors contributing to secondary infertility include declining egg quality and quantity, weight gain, thyroid issues, and the prevalence of Polyendocrine Metabolic Ovarian Syndrome (PMOS).
• Physical complications from previous pregnancies, such as Caesarean section adhesions or scarred fallopian tubes from untreated infections, can hinder future conception.
• Male factor infertility is significant, with sperm counts negatively impacted by weight, stress, smoking, and environmental pollution.
• Social and psychological factors, including social media-driven comparison and societal pressure, exacerbate the emotional burden on couples experiencing secondary infertility.
• Medical guidelines suggest that couples should seek evaluation if they have been trying for one year (if the woman is under 35) or six months (if the woman is over 35).