Demography

Why it matters

• Informs evidence-based policy formulation for healthcare, education, and social welfare infrastructure.
• Enables long-term economic planning by identifying trends in the dependency ratio and labor force participation.
• Facilitates the allocation of resources to address regional disparities in population density and urbanization.
• Provides essential data for assessing the sustainability of public pension systems and social security frameworks.

How it is asked

Candidates should focus on the transition from high to low fertility rates, the implications of the demographic dividend for economic growth, and the challenges posed by an aging population in the context of sustainable development goals.