Nanotechnology

Nanotechnology is the branch of applied science and engineering that involves the manipulation of matter at the nanoscale to design and apply materials with novel physical, chemical, and biological properties.

Under Science & Technology

• It enables precision targeted drug delivery, advanced diagnostics, and bio-imaging solutions in modern healthcare.
• It enhances agricultural productivity and resource efficiency through smart nano-fertilisers and targeted crop protection formulations.
• It offers critical solutions for environmental sustainability, including industrial wastewater treatment, desalination, and efficient energy storage systems.

UPSC frames questions on nanotechnology under GS Paper III, focusing on its multi-sectoral applications and strategic importance for sustainable development. Exam questions frequently test a candidate's ability to evaluate these technological benefits against environmental, health, and bio-safety risks like nano-toxicity. Candidates are expected to discuss regulatory frameworks, risk governance, and national initiatives like the Nano Mission.

• Fields of IT, Space, Computers, robotics, nano-technology GS3
• Science and Technology GS3